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Skew-Hamiltonian matrix : ウィキペディア英語版
Skew-Hamiltonian matrix
In linear algebra, skew-Hamiltonian matrices are special matrices which correspond to skew-symmetric bilinear forms on a symplectic vector space.
Let ''V'' be a vector space, equipped with a symplectic form \Omega. Such a space must be even-dimensional. A linear map A:\; V \mapsto V is called a skew-Hamiltonian operator with respect to \Omega if the form x, y \mapsto \Omega(A(x), y) is skew-symmetric.
Choose a basis e_1, ... e_ in ''V'', such that \Omega is written as \sum_i e_i \wedge e_. Then a linear operator is skew-Hamiltonian with respect to \Omega if and only if its matrix ''A'' satisfies A^T J = J A, where ''J'' is the skew-symmetric matrix
:J=
\begin
0 & I_n \\
-I_n & 0 \\
\end
and ''In'' is the n\times n identity matrix.〔William C. Waterhouse, (''The structure of alternating-Hamiltonian matrices'' ), Linear Algebra and its Applications, Volume 396, 1 February 2005, Pages 385-390〕 Such matrices are called skew-Hamiltonian.
The square of a Hamiltonian matrix is skew-Hamiltonian. The converse is also true: every skew-Hamiltonian matrix can be obtained as the square of a Hamiltonian matrix.〔〔
Heike Faßbender, D. Steven Mackey, Niloufer Mackey and Hongguo Xu
(Hamiltonian Square Roots of Skew-Hamiltonian Matrices, )
Linear Algebra and its Applications 287, pp. 125 - 159, 1999〕
==Notes==




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